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Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Wellcome Library
https://archive.org/details/b29353592
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WHOLE ART OF
BOOKBINDING.
<price 7s. 6d. in boards.
THE
WHOLE ART OF
BOOKBINDING, CONTAINING
VALUABLE RECIPES roa :«L.
.
'
SPRINKLING, MAKBLING, COLOURING, *
&C.
OSWESTRY: PRINTED AND
SOLD, FOR THE AUTHOR,
BY N. MINS HALL :
Sold also by Crosby, aud Co. Loudon •, Wilson, and Sun, York; Mozley, Gainsbro’; Lumsden, Glasgow; and Gilbert, aiid Hodges, Dublin. 1811.
ENTERED AT STATIONERS HALLr.
f
PREFACE. THE following treatise on the art
, it is
of bookbinding will be found
,
presumed
a
desideratum.
The paucity of information on the
,
subject
of a regular method\
, which
together with the ignorance
too generally prevails with respect to
,
colouring
been the sole motives
that have induced the author to pub¬
,
lish this work confident as he is, that
,
every recipe will have its proper eff ect
.
even upon the first attempt
a3
PREFACE.
VI
The bookbinder will find• herein ample information; a system plain, *
easy,
and comprehensive;
and by
paying attention to, the various me¬ thods, be enabled to execute the work with beauty and elegance. As the author makes no pretensi- J ons to excellence*in composition, he trusts/ A#/
pm*/ of his work'will
be received with candour by a gener¬ ous public, his principal object being' to convey in plain and perspicuous language instructions in the art of bookbinding, which he flatters himv
*
se//1 icill prove of general utility.
>
1
NI
*
CONTENTS.. .
FORWARDING.
Folding, &c. Backing Boarding Cutting Cutting out of boards
v
.
7
COLOURING EDGES. Blue
Green Purple Orange Brown Red Gold sprinkle Rice marble Fancy colouring Water marble Covering MARBLING. Black Brown V itriol water Dark sprinkle
CONTENTS,
iXT
Common marble
4
21
. Another common marble
22
Red spots
23
Yellow spots
24
Red and yellow spots
ib.
-Transparent marble
25
Egyptian marble
26
Purple marble
27
Stone marble
23
Rice marble
29
«
Chinese marble
ib.
Another Chinese marble Red marble
\
b
,
* 30 ib.
Wainscot marble
\
32
Japan colouring
-
33
. Green shade
,
*34
CONTENTS.
X
COLOURS FOR BACKS.
Green
. ’
,
35
Purple
ib.
Blue
ib.
Brown
’ 36
Lead colour
ib*
Gilding and finishing
37
Lettering
39
Gilt back
40
Extra gilt
ib.
Super extra
41
Polishing
ib.
Gilding paper
42
Stationary binding *
45
Green velum
•• '
Soap marble
. 1
Gilding velum
48 •
49 52
CONTENTS.
Bed ink Slate paper Splash paper Purple splash Tortoise shell •Useful information
*!*'•'* ‘ •
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a
ART
OF
BOOKBINDING. •
,
FORWARDING. .Respecting folding and sewing, it will be necessary to give A,
a few hints, before we proceed to I
*
ithat which is most essential.
f. •
The beauty of a book greatly de&
ipends on folding the sheets even, to which it will be requisite to pay * particular attention ; in order that, i when the book is cut, the margin may be uniform in the different | pages.
I '- A.
\}
■
2
ART OF BOOKBINDING. Great
care
must
be taken in
sewing; the thread not drawn too tight at head or foot, and the back kept regularly swelled.
Sew folios
and
bands,
quartos on
five
all .
sizes below, if half sheets, on four bands with thin thread, if whole sheets, v ,
three
'
bands
and
*
thick
•
»
thread. ...
*
When the book is beat, pressed, -and
sewed,
paste down
the two
fust leaves of the endpapers, beat i
the back on a smooth pressing board, to make it square ; and, should it not exceed the fore-edge in thickness, swell it a little more with the fingers; /
hold the book in the left hand, arid
ART OF ROOKBINDING.
glue it.
3
The book must not be- put
to the fire to drv, as that would cause the folds to start, and deprive 'the glue.of its strength* BACKING.
,
Open and scrape the bands, round
the back, and place the backing boards a little below the back on each side; in this situation, between the dingers and thumb of the left hand, ;put the book into the cutting press and screw it tight; beat the back i
'
firm .and round with the hammer, :
*
*
which will cause the backing boards to make a groove on each side to receive the pasteboards.. a2 4
4
art of bookbinding. •BOARDING.
Put one point of the compasses in the groove, extend the other towards the fore-edge, and after allowing suf¬ ficient for what may be cut off and left for the square in front, mark the pasteboards, and cut them with the ploughknjfe.
Put the pasteboards
on each side of the book, extending a, little over the head, and mark on them with a bodkin, the places \\ here the bands are to be drawn in ; hole the marked places on oach side, paste the bands, draw them in tight, and cut and hammer them smooth ; put the book into the standing press between pressing boards, and screw
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
it tight and even therein.
6
Let it
;remain in the press, three or four■ hours, before cutting it. %
CUTTING.
-
When the book is taken out of the press, draw down the pasteboards frorfi the head, place it on the cut-
•'ting board in the left hand, and with the right hand put on, a little below c the head, even and square, the runner or smoothedged board ; hold the whole tight with the left hand, and, •put them into the cutting* press,. I ■ Observe always to keep the runner | : level-with*the right hand cheek of i
the pre'ss* and screw it even. When
6
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
the head of the book is cut, mark with the corryDasses what may be taken off the foot, at the same time allowing
for
the squares on the
pasteboards, at the head and foot. Draw the pasteboards equally over the head of the book for the squares, and cut the foot.
To cut the fore*
edge correctly, mark it near the head and foot on the title page side, close
to the squared
pasteboard;
put between the back of the book and pasteboards, flat and smooth irons, the size and shape of a fold¬ ing stick, beat the back flat and put the cutting boards on each side ; the runnu uxuoi be placed a little below
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
7
the marks on the fore-edge to make -the squares, and when the whole is firm and square in the left hand, "take out the irons carefully, and put the book into the press.
Be care*
»ful not to move the book on either side, but to keep it quite firm and -straight, in order that the squares may be equal with each other, and the groove in the fore-edge uniform ' with the squares.
• •
The above method is termed, cut¬ ting in boards. OUT
OF
BOARDS.
'
It is not necessary tacut common •i school books in boards on account i
of their thinness.
S
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
Cut anv number of books at the fore-edge, round the backs, and press them for an hour in the standing press; cut the heads and feet, colour *
.or sprinkle the them.
edges,
and back
Mark and hole the paste*
boards, draw in the bands,, and cut the pasteboards
square, with the
large shears. As it is intended to^ carry the book
progressively
through, from
. forwarding: to finishing, the edges may be coloured, marbled, or sprin¬ kled to fancy, with liquids made by any of the following recipes*
9
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
COLOURING. Two ounces of fine powdered
Blue.
indigo, dissolved in two ounces of double oil of vitriol, and a tea
v
spoon full of spirits of salts,
*
This liquid must be kept in an
open earthen vessel, and remain for a week before it is used; when a little I
*
. i
.
\
/
'ey
.
•-
•
».
is reduced with water, it will make a beautiful sprinkle for the edges. GREEN,
*Two ounces of french berries, and a little alum, boiled in ci pint of rain
I
water for half an hour,
Strain the liquid through a fine piece of flannel, and add a little of I
‘
’
.
.
! the liquid blue..
I
/
.
;
10
A1JT
OF
BOOKBINDING.
*
The green must be kept in.a glass bottle, well corked up, and used for sprinkling, or colouring the
edges
with a sponge. PURPLE.
Half a pound of logwood chips; two •
•
4
ounces of powdered alum; and a
. small piece of copperas ; boll them in three pints of soft water, till reduced to two, and strain the liquid.
This purple will be found a cheap colour for sprinkling common work. A fine purple for immediate use, *
may be obtained from strong potash water, and brasil dust.
Should any
. of the colour remain unused, it will, in a few hours, change to a brown/
ART
OF
1!
BOOKBINDING. ORANGE.
*
Two ounces of brasil dust; one ounce of french berries, bruised; and a little alum; boil them in a pint of soft water, and strain and bottle the colour for use.
The orange colour may be spotted
’
on the edges, to fancy, with other colours. BROWN.
Soil in rain water, equal quantities qJ' logwood, and’ french bcrjiesf and to glee the colour, a darker .
shade, add a little copperas; when it is cool, strain and bottle it for I
•
use.
... *
,
-
*
12 *
ASX
♦
•
*
OF
BOOKBINDING.
*
'
*
RED.
Half a pound of brasil dust, and two ounces of powdered, alum; boil them well in a pint of vinegar, and a pint of water, till reduced to a pint; strain it through a fine
- cotton cloth.
This liquid red will be of great use for sprinkling, and spotting the edo’es o
together with O
brown and
purple. GOLD
SPRINKLE.
Put into a marble mortar, half an ounce of pure honey, and one book of gold leaf; rub
them well to¬
gether until they are very fine; add half a pint of clear water, and mix them well together ; when the water
ART
OF BOOKBINDING.
13
clears, pour it off and put in more, till the honey is all extracted, and nothing* remain but the gold. Mix one grain of corrosive sublimate with a tea spoonful of spirits of wine, and when dissolved, put the same, together with a little thick
.
gum water, to the gold, and bottle the liquid for use,
The edges
of the
book
may
be coloured or sprinkled, with blue, •green, or purple ; and lastly, with •gold liquid, in small, or large spots, •shaking the bottle before
using.
Burnish the edge, when dry, and cover it with paper. i>
This gold
14
ART
OF
BOOKBINDING. /
sprinkle, will be useful for extra binding.
Ladies may also use it for
ornamenting*
their
fancy
works,
putting it on with a pen, or earners hair pencil, and burnishing it with a dog's tooth. RICE-MARBLE.
When the fore-edge of the book is cut, let it remain in the press, and throw on rice in a regular man¬ ner, sprinkle the edge with any dark colour, till the white paper is cover¬ ed, then shake off the rice.
Vari- .
ous colours may be used ; the foreedge may be coloured with yellow or red, before using the rice.
ART
OF BOOKBINDING.
FANCY
IS
COLOURING.
Let the book remain in the press when cut on the fore-edge; mix whiting and water to a thick con¬ sistency, and with a small brush, throw it on the edge in spots or streaks ; when the whiting is almost dry, spot the edge with blue, green, purple, and brasil red.
When quite
idry, shake off the whiting, and brush the edge with a soft brush. A sprinkle of dark blue thrown :On immediately after the whiting, will produce a beautiful shaded edge. WATER
r
Provide
MARBLE.
a wood
n2
trough,
two*
16
ART
OF BOOKBINDING*
•
inches deep, and six inches wide, the length of a demy sheet.
Pour
hot water in it till nearly full, and put therein three ounces of gum dragon, which must be dissolved be¬ fore marbling.
Grind the following
colours on a marble slab, with old ox gall, very smooth and fine, ands procure a small brush and cup for' ♦
$ach.
•
4
>
Prussian blue..
> ••■■■■ !r
King’s yellow. Rose pink, or lake* ■ Flake white. Lamp black,
. Green.
Blue and yellow♦>
Orange.
Red and yellow•
*
ART OF BOOKBINDING*
“
Purple*
Blue and red,'
Brown.
Black and yellow.
17
To prevent the water entering the leaves of the booh, tie it tight be¬ tween cutting boards of an equal size.
Place the trough in a steady
\
i
situation, and throw on the colours with their respective brushes, be•ginning with the blue, or any dark colour, and so on till the surface of the water is covered.
The colours.
• may remain in this situation, or be waved with a small iron pin.
Hold
the book with the edge downwards, -and press it even and lightly on the - colours; and it will immediately bea .
b3'
•
-13
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
marbled.
Two or, three . colours
only may be used, or as many as the marbler may think proper. , Should any of the colours not swim well, which is seldom the case, a few drops of spirits of wine may be added.
,
'
•
?
COVERING.* After the edge is coloured, cut a , small piece off the corners of the boards next the back, and headband the book with cotton or silk thread. Give the back a coat of glue, and cover it with cartridge paper; put the book to the fire, rub the back smooth with the folding stick, and *
let it remain tilfdry.
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
•
19
Immerge the leather in water';
wring the water out of it, then lay it on a board; put the book on the feather with the boards flat, and cut the cover.
Pare the cover round
the edges, and paste it well; give the ..back a coat of glue, and spread and draw the cover on the book.; When the cover is turnecl inside of the boards, rub it smooth with the fold¬ ing stick, cut the corners on the inside, and make them as neat as -possible.. Tie thread round between the back and boards of the book, ; draw the leather on the top of the -headbands, and put the back near the fire to dry.
When the leather on
20
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
the back appears almost dry, rub it well with the folding stick, put it again
to the fire, and when the
whole of the cover is dry, marble, sprinkle or colour it. MARBLING, &c. &c. Black. Boil half a pound of cop¬
peras, with two quarts of soft water; when a good black and settled, put r
it into a clean bottle for use* Brown.
Half a pound of the best
potash, dissolved in one quart of rain water, and when clear,, bottle it for use.
•
•
'
Vitriol water* One ounce of the
best oil of vitriol, mixed with three ounces of water; bottle it for use-.
ART OF BOOKBINDING..
*
Vinegar blade.
21
Steep iron filings
in vinegar, or stale beer, for twentyfour hours; then give them a quick boil on the fire,, and when settled, strain and bottle the liquid for use. '
' DARK
SPRINKLE.
Wash the cover of the book with a sponge and very
weak
potash
water, place it between wands im¬ mediately, and sprinkle it very fine and dark with the copperas. Another; beautiful sprinkle may be done by giving, in addition to the dark sprinkle, a sprinkle* of brown and vitriol water. ; -V* >
COMMON
' MARBLE. ’
' •
‘
1
!
Wash the coverwith weak potash
22
art of bookbinding.
water, and give it a coat of glaire made with the whites of es^s :7 when GO the cover is dry, put the book be¬ tween the wands ; throw” on water, w ith a bunch of quills, in all directi¬ ons, and immediately sprinkle with the copperas w^ater, and brown ; let the marble remain a few minutes and then wrash it with a clean sponge and water. ANOTHER
MARBLE.
W&sh the cover with strong pot¬ ash water, glaire it, throw on W’ater, use the vinegar black, and lastly throw on a fine sprinkle of vitriol water, which will be a great addition to the marble,
* <
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
23
A marble in the form of trees may be made by bending the boards in the centre, after their being washed and glaired as before directed. BED
Aqua regia.
SPOTS.
Mix in a quart bottle,
two ounces of the best double aqua fortis; one table spoonful of spirits of salts; half an'ounce of green tin, and, four ounces of rain water.
The whole must remain twentyfour hours before usinsr, O7 Black the cover of the book with copperas water, and when dry give it a coat of brasil red.
Mix a little
aqua regia and dry brasil together, and when settled, spot the cover,
24
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
when between the wands, with the red liquid.
When the spots' are
perfectly dry, wash the cover with a sponge and water. YELLOW
SPOTS.
'’'Black the cover of the book, and ■when dry, put it between, wands. IS3 ix aqua regia and turmeric toge¬ ther, and when settled, throw on large or small yellow spots. 11E D
AND
YELLOW
SPOTS.
Black the cover, throw on the yellow spots, and when dry,;throw on small spots of the liquid red. ‘Wash the cover with a clean sponge and water.
Mix no more colours
with the spirit than what are wanted.
ART OF
BOOKBINDING.
TRANSPARENT
25
MARBLE.
Marble the boards of the book ✓
with a tree down each centre, place it between wands, and put on each * board an oval, made of a thin piece of press paper, with a piece of lead on each.
Black the cover on the
outer parts of the ovals, and when dry, go over the same with strong hrasil water.
Throw on red spots,
let them dry, and takeoff the ovals ; i wash the cover where the red spots f are, with a clean sponge and water, I
Colour the inside of the ovals with the following liquid, have a beautiful effect.
which
will
26
ARX
OF
BOOKBINDING.
Mix an ounce of spirits of wine and a
table
spoon-fid of powdered
turmeric
together, in a bottle;
shake the liquid well, and let it
.
settle before using
Give the ovals two fine coats of the liquid, with a pamel's hair brush* and when done, cork up the bottle to prevent evaporation. EGYPTIAN MARBLE*
Before covering the book, colour V*
with Scott's liquid blue, and inimerge in water, to extract the spirit* When the cover has been half an hour in the water, take it out and lay it between pieces of brown paper till almost dry.
Cover the
art of bookbinding. 4
27
%
book, place it at a little distance from the fire till perfectly dry, and ‘i
o'laire it.
Put the book between
ft
wands, throw thereon potash water, with a bunch of quills, and lastly, a fine sprinkle of the vinegar black. The book must remain till nearly dry, and be washed with a sponge' and water.
/ *4
PURPLE
*
MARBLE.
After the book is covered and dry, colour the cover with strong hot purple liquid, two or three times. Glaire the cover when dry, and put the book between wands; throw oil *
water with quills, and sprinkle it t:2
23
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
with strong vitriol water, which will produce bright red veins.
After the
colours are dry, wash them with a sjmnge and water. STONE
.
MARBLE.
Glaire the cover, and when dry,
put the book into the cutting* press with the boards sloping, to Cause the colours to run 1 hrow
on
gently down.
copperas water freely/
with a brush, dip a sponge .into the strong potash water, and press it out on different parts of the back, so that the colour may run down each side; where the brown has left a vacancy, apply vitriol water in the •same manner.
Let the book re-
AKT OF BOOKBINDING.
29
main till the colours are perfectly dry, then wash the cover. *
*
RICE
MARBLE.
Colour the cover with the spirits of wine and turmeric, put the book between wands, and throw on rice very regular.
Throw on a fine
sprinkle of copperas water till the cover is nearly black, and let it dry. The cover may be spotted with red liquid, or potash water, before the rice is thrown off. *
*
CHINESE
' ' ‘ V MARBLF.
Colour the cover of the book with
a dark brown, and put it between ; wands; mix whiting and water as
C3
.vi
•
'
30 *
>
art of bookbinding. ’
*
before directed, and throw it-on in spots or streaks, which must remain till dry.
Spot or sprinkle the cover
with liquid blue, and lastly, throw on large spots of the liquid red.* The colours must be dry before washing off the whiting. ANOTHER MARBLE.
Black the cover with copperas water, let it dry, and give it two coats of strong brasil water. on
Throw
whiting, as-above mentioned,
and gi\e the cover ;
>oid sprinkle: V
with the red liquid. RED
T
♦
v
t
MARBLE.
Before covering the book, it will be necessary to immerge the cover
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
31
’.for half an hour, in weak lime water, and dry it in brown paper.
Boil on a slow fire, one ounce of hr a si l dust; a tea spoonful of powdered cochineal; a little alum, /ia//' a pint of the best vine¬ gar , to// ’,**
Me
whole produce a
bright red. O »
t
Colour the cover two or three '. times over, while the liquid is hot, and then immerge it in alum and - water, previously dissolved.
Cover
the book in the usual manner, and ' let it be perfectly dry.
Glaire the
• cover, and put the book between - wands ; throw on potash water with
33
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
quills, and sprinkle black.
with vinegar .
:m' :
A few drops of aqua regia may be put into the liquid before colouring the cover, which will give it a bright¬ er and more permanent red. WAINSCOT
Colour the
MARBLE.
cover with strong
brown, glaire it, and place the book in the cutting press or wands, having the boards tlat and even.
Throw
on water till every part of the boards is
covered.
Take
e
\
■
a
sufficient
“
quantity of copperas water in the brush, and dash it on the boards freely; do the, same with potash *
,
•
I
_
-4
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•\
, • ■
i * * .
*
A Iiff
OF BOOKBINDING1.
33
water, and lastly a bold sprinkle of vitriol water. T his marble will have a fine effect i
when great attention
and care is
paid thereto. JAPAN
COLOURING.
After the book is covered, and dry, colour the cover with water,
potasli
gi\e it two good coats of
brasii wash, and glaire it.
Put the
book between wands, allowing the boards to slope a little.
Dash on
copperas water, then with a sponge full of liquid red, press out on the backhand on different parts, large drops, which will run down each board, and make a fine shaded red.v.
34
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
When the cover is drv, wasli it over two or three times with brasil wash, to give it a brighter colour.. GREEN
SHADE.
In addition to the stone marble, ' before mentioned, use Scott’s liquid blue in the same manner as the other colours, before finishing the marble with vitriol water. In every recipe for marbling, be careful to let the colours have time to dry, as they then will have their full effect, and shew their brightness to great advantage. i
When the backs are intended to be of one colour, which
is very
fashionable, and shews the gold to
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
3d
the greatest advantage, a piece of thin paste board must be put there¬ on, previous to marbling, colouring, &c. which will prevent the backs receiving any colour that might have an unpleasing effect. *
The following will be found to
answer that purpose, Green.
Colour the back twice,
with Scott’s liquid blue, when dry, wash it two or three times with a sponge and water. Purple.
Rub the strong purple
wash well on the back, near the fire, three or four times, and wash it when diy, with clear water. Blue,
Colour
the
back
with
BO
ART OF -BOOKBINDING. i
copperas water, and give
it
two
coats of liquid blue. B roicn.
Colour the back with
strong potash water. Lead colour.
Colour the back
with very weak copperas water, or give it a coat of copperas and potash water mixed. The backs being so
coloured,
there will be no occasion for colour¬ ed lettering pieces, or pieces for the number of the volumes.
v
/
GILDING, -
•
'■
* •
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,
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- v y r
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AND ■
.
• i ••
•
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FINISHING..
.
*
;,: • ■
;
WITH the compasses, divide the back into five parts for the bands, which, including' the head and foot, will make seven, allowing the one next the foot, to,have a little more space.
; When the bands are marked
with the compasses, rub the folding stick across the back, to make a '
-
more' sure
'
guide when
*
filleting.
>
Put
on,
between
the first
and
D *
V
* %
■
.*
•
5
3S
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
second bands from the head, a piece of red or blue morocco, thinly pared, which is called the lettering piece. Glaire the back three times over, permitting
it to dry
each
time.
On the gold cushion, put a leaf of gold, and cut it with the knife into pieces, a little larger than the face of the fillet or roll, which is intend¬ ed for gilding the bands.
Put the
fillet to the fire until it has received a moderate heat.
With an oil rag
rub the face of the fillet, and roll it lightly on the pieces of gold, till covered ; place the book against a board, in the laying press, which must not reach th^back, and press
ART
OF BOOKBINDING*
39
the fillet firmly over the marked bands, till the whole arc filleted, and clear the impressions with a *
i'
piece of fine flannel. LETTERING*
Rub a little tallow with
your
finger, on the lettering piece ; cover it with a piece of gold leaf, and press, the same lightly thereon, with cot¬ ton wool.
Put the book in the
laying press, with its head a little • higher than the foot.
The brass
letters must be moderately heated, and
each rubbed before lettering,
on a piece of rough calf, pressing one after the other even and straight?* on the lettering piece.
>
40
ART OF GILT
BOOKBINDING. BACKA •
Prepare the back, as before mentioned;
rub it with
tallow, and
cover the whole with gold.
Roll
Over where the bands are'marked, a broad roll, for the bands, ornamentim? them oil each side, with any light figured pallet, to fancy. \A tool, or stamp, may'be added
between the bands, emblematic o; /
#
the subject. V *
’ EXTRA ‘ GILT. \
’In addition to the gilt'back, rol the inside of the squares ; the edge ^
•
X
of the boards; and lastly, with' s broad flowered roll, the boards, a: near the edge as possible.
I
ART OF BOOKBINDING. i
SUPER
41
EXTRA,
The book must have marble pa¬ per for end-papers ; double head• bands, and gilt, , edges.
When
or fancy marble the back
is
full
, gilt, roll the squares, and boards. Before gilding the boards, all books , must be burnished on the edges; the end-papers pasted, and pressed in the standing press, observing te glaire the, boards, the same as the back, before using the gold.' POLISHING. -
Heat the polishing iron, clear it on rough calf, and be careful not to have it too hot, or it will turn x>3
42
ART
OF
BOOKBINDING.
the glaire white, -and deface th> marbling*. • First with
a clear
rub 'the - cover,
oil rag; polish the
ed^es of the boards ; the back ; and lastly,
the sides or boards, passing
the polishing iron quickly over the whole.
To give the polish more
lustre,
the
book may be-pressed
again, between polished tins, which greatly exceed the pressing horns. After pressing, the back
must be
rubbed with a piece of rough calf, which, will add much to its beauty. GILDING PAPER, AND
BOOK
EDGES.
"With' the white
of an egg,’,
mix twice that quantity of water;
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
4
a tai>le spoonful of bullocks blood, taken from the * .
top, when %;
it has
/
settled some time: beat them well together
for
an hour.
Let
the
whole stand three days before using. The paper must be well pressed, and when cut, made very smooth with a piece of glass, or an iron scraper.
Put
the gilding boards
even on
each side of the paper,
and screw it tight in the cutting press.
With
yellow
gold size mixed
ochre,
and
together, colour
the smooth edge, rub it until it is quite dry, with paper shavings, and burnish the same with dog’s teeth. Cut the gold leaf, and with a thin
44
ART OF BOOKBINDING,
piece of paper, previously rubbed on your forehead, cover
the gold
gently, which will remain on the paper, and so on until there is suf¬ ficient to cover the edge.
With a
camel’s hair brush cover the edge with gilding size, hold the paper and gold with the fingers of each hand, and lay it gently on the edge* When the whole is covered, let the size-run from the gold, and put the press a little distance from the fire. 1 he edge will
be almost dry
in
twenty minutes, to ascertain this, breathe on the gold, and if it im¬ mediately becomes bright, burnish the edge.
f
4
STATIONARY
&C. STATIONARY
books, ,above
foolscap, must contain four sheets in a fold, and be sewed on four strong slips of vellum, with “Waxed thread through each fold.
Fools¬
cap six sheets to a fold, and three slips.
After the book is glued and
dry, cut the fore-edge, and, round the back lightly to prevent the folds.
*16
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
from
starting; cut
the head and
foot, and marble or sprinkle
the
edges.
Cut the boards
plough
knife,
squares.
After the book is head-
banded,
line
and
with the
leave
the back^
large
between
each slip, with strong canvas and glue, let it remain until it is dry paste on the boards and press it. The rough calf, or sheep cover, must be damped on the grain side, with a sponge and
water.
When
the cover is pared and pasted, let it
remain
for
ten
minutes,
and
cover the book in the usual way. Alter the end-papers have been pasted down, and the book pressed,
ART
OF
BOOKBINDING.
4J
dress the rough calf, with pumice stone,
and brush it well t
clothes
brush;
with a *
ornamenting
the
sides, &c. with any roll, made very hot. When the book is intended to be
covered
parchment, cartridge
with
or
line
the
cover
with
paper,
and
put
it be¬
tween pasteboards. *
vellum,
Put the cover N
on dry, and rub it well with the folding stick, in the joints
next
the back, paste the boards, pressing the cover thereon, and put the book into the standing press.
When the
book is supposed to be dry, take it out of the press, paste the re\
i?'
4rS‘
ART of bookbinding.
main lug part of the
cover, let it
soak, turn it over, and cut the cor¬ ners as neat as possible. linings,
The slips,
and end-papers, must be
pasted down : put 'the press again,
the book into
and when taken
out, wash the cover with a spunge and paste water, TO
COLOUR
Dissolve an
VELLUM
GREEX.
ounce of verdegtease,
and an ounce of white wine vinecr(n\ in a
hot tie, and let them re-
main near the fire for five
days,
'shakin's
four
the
bottle three
times each day.
Wash the vellum
over with weak potash s
,
,
or
■A
•'
water4 and *
■>
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
49
colour it over three tunes, with the green liquid. SOAP
MARBLE.
The following is a recent dis¬ covery, by very simple means, and may be used for marbling stationary book edges, or sheets ot .paper for ladies fancy work. Grind on a marble slab, prussian blue, with a little brown soap, and water, to a fine pliable consistency, that it may be thrown on with a ,small brush. Also grind king’s yellow in the same manner, with white soap.
50
ART
OF
BOOKBINDING.
When, crreen is intended for the ground colour, grind it with brown soap, and have king’s yellow withi white soap. Lake maybe used for a ground colour, and prussian blue ground! with white soap. Brown umber for ground colour,,, and flake white ground with white: soap.
•
>
»
<
Any colour of a light substance: may be used for marbling. t.
MARBLING.
vessel, large enough for marbling
91 1
' Pour -hard cl&ir water into any
throw on large spots of prussian blue, till the surface of the water is nearly
ol
ART OF BOOKBINDING. I r
covered ; then throw on king’s yel¬ low in small spots, which will im¬ mediately run into streaks or veins in all directions. i
♦
When marbling book edges, tie *
the fore-edge, &c. between boards before rounding the back, and-press it lightly on the surface of the co¬ lours, which will make a beautiful marble, and burnish
well, if re¬
quired. In like manner, all colours as above mentioned,
will have the
same effect, provided the ground colour, (that is), the colour thrown • 'i'
*
*
.*•*..
e2
* *
,
>
*
-
. s
*
i *
52
ART OF BOOKBINDING. i
e
'
on first, be ground with brown soap,, and that for the veins, with white soap. *
r■
Sheets of good strong paper may be
marbled for ornamenting
fire
screens, &c. or a thinner kind for half-bound books, without any pre¬ paration whatever, except, a vessel lame enough to receive the sheets, and putting them on in a careful manner, that the whole may receive the colours. The sheets may be burnished as before mentioned. GILDING
VELUM.
Glaire the cover once, let it be:: perfectly dry, and rub it over with..
ART OF BOOKBINDING.
53
v the oil rag, where the gilding is in¬ tended to be.
Make the roll hot
and work it firm and strong to make a good impression. RED
INK.
Haifa pound ofbrasil dust; half i
an ounce of powdered
cochineal;
a piece of lump sugar, and four quarts of vinegar.
Let them steep
/for twelve hours.,, and boil them on a slow fire till you have a good red. When the ink is settled, strain it through a piece of fine cotton, and bottle it for use. SLATE PAPER.
Boil glue and water to a good cone3
51
AIIT OF BOOKBINDING.
.sistency, and when on the fire; throw therein lamp black, and fine powder¬ ed emery.
Give the paper two
coats of the liquid with a fine brush.
-o-o-o-
S PL ASH PAPER. Before colouring the paper, it will be necessary, in the first place, to .
*"
prepare the proper colours, and have them bottled for use.
They must
also, before being boiled, be steeped for twelve hours, in their respective quantities of water and vinegar,, as /
% following-:
i
ART
OF ROOKBINDING.
< * Purple.
Half a pound of log¬
wood chips, with vinegar and water each half a pint. Dark red.
Half a pound of brasil
dust, with vinegar and water, each one Dint. i
Bright red.
Before colouring,
put a few drops of aqua regia into a small quantity of the dark red. Green.
Half a pound of french
berries, bruised ; water and vinegar, each one pint, with two ounces of ‘liquid blue. Brown.
Two ounce of strong
- potash water, with one ounce of brasil
dust ;
which must not be
boiled* but remain till the colour
56
. ART
change
OF
from
a
BOOKBINDING,
light
purple,
to
brown. Yellow.
Half a pound of french
berries, water and vinegar, each one pint. The above colours, must have a small quantity of alum bruised, put therein, and boiled over a slow fire. Strain them through a piece of fine flannel, or cotton cloth, till quite pure. Dissolve half a pound of alum in two quarts of rain water; sprinkle it on the sheets of paper for colouring, and lay one upon another. Put the « paper between boards with a little pressure thereon, and leave them to
ART
OF
57
BOOKBINDING.
soak for five hour** before splashing. PURPLE SPLASH.
Place small stones at a little dist¬ ance from each other, and lay the sheet thereon; throw on
with a
brush, purple liquid in large or small splashes. .
^
tortoise
shell.
' Splash on black ink, and throw on dark red, and yellow spots where the paper is white. '
It"will not be requisite to give
instructions further, respecting what colours may be used, but leave that part to- the taste or’fancy of the coloured '
But before we put a
period to those instructions, it will
48
ART OF ROOKBINDING.
be necessary to use the light colours first, and finish with the darker ones. The paper, when dry, must be burnished with a sleek stone. 00-
-
•
USEFUL INFORMATION. Always keep good old glaire of
eggs, for. finishing, without which, it is almost impossible to make ^ood inpressions, or to give the gold a proper lustre. In the summer season, when it is very hot,
cover not more than
twelve volumes, on the backs with gold, which will be found a suffici¬ ent number to gild at one time. In winter, when the weather is
ART
very
OF
BOOKBINDING.
59
cold, six, or eight volumes
may. be covered, and, when mild, /
twenty, before finishing. Russia leather, must be immerged for twenty minutes in water, and beat and rubbed well before covering.
,
Before
gilding
russia
leather,
wash the cover once, with serum of bullocks blood, which will not only
(
give it a gloss, but prepare it for the gold. To put-a good grain on morocco, roll
the cover with your
fingers,
the grain side inwards, on a board. When pared and pasted, let it soak, and draw the cover on the book,
6a
art of bookbinding.
*
*
'
*
-
-A
with a piece of coat cloth under¬ neath. Morocco, and roan, will require no more than
one glairing, before
.gilding ; and to be rubbed well, with -a piece of rough calf, for finishing. To
black
covers,
sponge them
rwdl, with chamber lie and potash water; black them once with cop¬ peras, before colouring, and then give each a coat of the vinegar black. Glaire calf three times, and sheep Twice, before gilding, or polishing. FINIS
Minsluill, Printer, Oswestry <
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